What type of protection is required for branch circuits supplying 120 volt single phase 15 and 20 amp for specific outlets?

The correct choice in this scenario is AFCI protection due to the specific fire hazards associated with arc faults that can occur in branch circuits supplying power to outlets, especially in residential settings. Arc Fault Circuit Interrupters (AFCIs) are designed to detect these dangerous electrical arcs, which can be caused by damaged or frayed wiring, loose connections, or damaged cords. Once an arc fault is detected, AFCIs will interrupt the circuit to prevent potential fires.

AFCI protection is particularly mandated in bedrooms and certain other areas of homes, as electrical fires can pose a significant risk to occupants. The National Electrical Code (NEC) specifies the requirement for AFCI protection in new residential constructions to enhance safety.

While GFCI protection is also crucial for outlets that could be exposed to moisture, particularly in kitchens, bathrooms, and outdoor settings, the question specifically pertains to the type of protection required for branch circuits supplying 120-volt single-phase outlets, which often require AFCI. Surge protection is more related to protecting equipment from voltage spikes, and overcurrent protection addresses circuit overloads rather than specific fault conditions caused by arcs.

So, in this context, AFCI is the most relevant and necessary type of protection for these circuits to ensure safety