ICC Residential Electrical Inspectors Practice Exam

What is the primary function of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI)?

1. Voltage regulation

2. Surge suppression

3. Prevent electrical shock

4. Minimize power loss

The correct answer is: Prevent electrical shock

The primary function of a ground fault circuit interrupter (GFCI) is to prevent electrical shock. GFCIs are designed to detect ground faults, which occur when there is an unintended path for electrical current to flow to the ground. This can often happen when a person comes into contact with an energized component while simultaneously being in contact with a ground, leading to a potentially dangerous situation. When a GFCI senses a difference in the current going to and returning from the load, it quickly interrupts the circuit, cutting off the electrical supply and thereby reducing the risk of severe electrical shock. This protective mechanism is particularly important in areas where electrical equipment is used near water, such as bathrooms, kitchens, and outdoor settings, where the risk of electrical shock is heightened. The other options describe functions that do not align with the purpose of a GFCI. Voltage regulation is managed by different devices designed to maintain a consistent voltage level. Surge suppression is addressed by surge protectors that prevent voltage spikes from damaging connected devices. Minimizing power loss relates to energy efficiency methods, which do not involve the immediate safety concerns that a GFCI addresses. Thus, the focus of a GFCI remains firmly on safeguarding individuals from electrical hazards.